What is diabetes?
Diseases caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to various reasons, or increased blood glucose caused by insulin resistance. The long-term high blood sugar in diabetes leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves.The fasting blood glucose of normal people is less than 6.1 mmol/L, and the blood glucose is less than 7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after a meal.
If the fasting blood glucose is greater than 6.1 mmol/L and/or the blood glucose is greater than 7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after a meal, this type of person is called pre-diabetes and they can become a new diabetic at any time .Therefore, people with pre-diabetes should be the focus of diabetes prevention.
The diagnosis of diabetes is generally not difficult. The fasting blood glucose is greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L, and/or the blood glucose is greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/L two hours after a meal.
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After diagnosing diabetes, type:
Type 1 diabetes
It is also called youth-onset diabetes, because it often develops before the age of 35, accounting for less than 10% of people with diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes need insulin treatment for life, which means that the patient needs to use insulin treatment from the onset and use it for life. The reason is that the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes patients have been completely damaged, thus completely losing the function of producing insulin. Before the discovery of insulin in 1921, there was no better way to lower the blood sugar of patients with type 1 diabetes, and most of them quickly died of various complications of diabetes. With the discovery and application of insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes can also enjoy life like normal people.Type 2 diabetes
Also known as adult-onset diabetes. Insulin-dependent diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes are the previous names for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Because this name often causes misunderstandings in insulin treatment for diabetic patients, it has now been medically The world abandoned it. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs after 35 to 40 years old, accounting for more than 90% of diabetic patients. The ability of patients with type 2 diabetes to produce insulin is not completely lost. Some patients even produce too much insulin, but the effect of insulin is greatly reduced, that is, we often say "insulin resistance", so the patient's insulin is only a kind of Relatively lacking, it can also be achieved by stimulating the secretion of insulin in the body through certain oral drugs.10 Effective Natural Home Remedies for Toothache
Differences between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes
1. The difference in Age
The majority of type 1 diabetes occurs under the age of 40, and the majority of adolescents and children under the age of 20 are type 1 diabetes, with very few exceptions; the majority of type 2 diabetes are middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old, and people over 50 years old. There is very little type 1 diabetes. In short, the younger you are, the more likely you are type 1 diabetes; the older you are, you are more likely to be type 2 diabetes.2. The difference in weight at the onset
Most people who are significantly overweight or obese when they develop diabetes have type 2 diabetes. The more obvious they are, the more likely they are to suffer from type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetic people usually have normal or low weight before the onset.Whether it is type 1 or type 2 diabetes, after the onset of weight can be reduced to varying degrees, and type 1 diabetes often has significant weight loss.3. Differences in clinical symptoms
Type 1 diabetes has obvious clinical symptoms including:1. Severe thirst.
2. Very tired.
3. Frequent urination.
4. Weight loss
5. Blurred vision.
In extreme cases, type 1 diabetes can also cause nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, and wheezing.
Type 2 diabetes is usually asymptomatic. If symptoms occur, they include:
1. Need to urinate frequently.
2. Severe thirst.
3. Blurred vision.
Many people with type 2 diabetes have difficulty in determining when they will get sick because their clinical symptoms are not obvious. Some only know that they have diabetes after checking their blood sugar. People with type 1 diabetes often indicate their time of onset due to their prominent clinical symptoms.
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4. The difference between acute and chronic complications:
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can have various acute and chronic complications, but there are some differences in the types of complications. In terms of acute complications, type 1 diabetes is prone to ketoacidosis, and type 2 diabetes is less prone to ketoacidosis, but older people are prone to nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. In terms of chronic complications, type 1 diabetes is susceptible to fundus retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy. Arteriosclerotic lesions of the heart, brain, kidney, or limb are rare, and type 2 diabetes can occur in addition to type 1 In addition to diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy, the incidence of arteriosclerotic lesions in the heart, brain, and kidneys is high, and hypertension is also very common. Therefore, the chances of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents in type 2 diabetic patients are far greater than those in type 1 diabetic patients. This is a very obvious difference.5. Differences in clinical treatment
The treatment of type 1 diabetes involves 2 key parts:1. Frequently measure your blood sugar level to ensure that it does not become too high or too low
2. Use an insulin injection or an insulin pump to maintain your blood sugar in the proper range(Insulin pump is a device that requires you to wear it tightly against your body. It is connected to a catheter that extends under your skin and can be pumped into insulin.)
People with type 1 diabetes also need to plan their meals and activity levels carefully. This is because eating can raise blood sugar, while activity can lower blood sugar. Despite the need for planning, people with diabetes can still have a normal diet, active activities , eating out and doing all the other things most people can do.
For type 2 diabetes, some medicines can help control blood sugar. Some patients need to take drugs that help the body produce more insulin or help insulin function. Other patients require insulin injections. Depending on the medication used, it may be necessary to regularly measure blood glucose at home, but not all patients with type 2 diabetes need to do so. The medical staff will tell you whether blood glucose should be measured, and when and how. Sometimes, people with type 2 diabetes also need to use drugs to reduce other problems caused by the disease. For example, drugs used to lower blood pressure can reduce the chance of heart disease or stroke. Medicine is not the only way to treat diabetes. Exercising, losing weight, improving eating habits, and quitting smoking can all help diabetic patients maintain a healthier condition.
Note:- Type 1 diabetes can only be controlled by injecting insulin to control high blood sugar and stabilize the condition. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are generally ineffective. Type 2 diabetes can achieve certain effects through reasonable dietary control and appropriate oral hypoglycemic drugs. Of course, when oral hypoglycemic drugs fail to be treated, islet B cell function tends to fail, or serious acute and chronic complications occur, It is also an indication for insulin.
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