What is cancer?
Cancer is a disease of cells (the basic tissue structure of the human body). Our body constantly produces new cells to grow us, new cells replace old cells, or heal damaged cells after injury. Certain genes control this process. All cancers are caused by damage to these genes. This damage usually occurs in our lifetime, although a few people inherit the damaged gene from their parents. Normally, the growth and reproduction of cells proceed in an orderly manner. However, damaged genes may cause them to behave abnormally. They may grow into a mass called a tumor.Cancer can grow anywhere in the body. It starts when the cell growth is out of control and far exceeds normal cells. therefore, The body is difficult to function properly.
For many people, cancer can be cured well. In fact, more and more people are now undergoing cancer treatment, Can be healthy until the end of life.
Cancer is not equivalent to terminal illness. At present, many cancer treatments have high results: early detection of symptoms and timely treatment can improve the chance of cure; being able to maintain a healthy lifestyle and effectively prevent cancer.
Cancer cells are cells that grow abnormally and unrestrictedly. They can spread to all parts of the body, affect the normal function of other organs of the patient, and even cause death.
Tumors can be benign (non-cancer) or malignant (cancer). Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body beyond their normal boundaries.
When a malignant tumor develops, it may be restricted to its original location. Without treatment, these cells may spread beyond normal boundaries into surrounding tissues and become invasive cancers.
Some benign tumors are precancerous, and if left untreated, they will develop into cancer. Other benign tumors will not develop into cancer.
Causes of Cancer
Not all causes of cancer are fully known, and the causes of many types of cancer are not yet known. We do not know why one person has cancer and the other does not, even with the same risk factors.Physicians and scientists do understand some common causes of cancer. For example, smoking is the main cause of lung cancer, and sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer.
There are many causes of cancer, and the following risk factors may be related:
1. Cigarettes:
2. Diet:
3. Ultraviolet rays:
4. Alcohol:
5. Free radiation:
Survivors after the outbreak of the Japanese Atomic Bomb, studies have confirmed that free radiation can increase the incidence of leukemia, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and other organ cancers.6. Chemical pollutants:
Asbestos, nickel, cadmium, uranium, radon, vinyl chloride and benzene are well-known carcinogens.7. Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT):
The long-term use of estrogen for women will increase the probability of breast cancer. If you take progesterone with it, the risk will be higher. At present, scholars are still studying the advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy.8. DES (Diethylstilbestrol):
Some women will take DES during pregnancy to alleviate the discomfort of pregnancy. At this time, the probability of breast cancer will increase. At this time, the daughter will increase the abnormal development of the cervix and vagina .9. Familial-related specific cancers:
Some cancers occur more frequently in specific families in terms of population ratio. It is currently known that specific family cancers are mainly caused by genetic factors, family environment or lifestyle factors.10. Age:
11.Environmental Pollution:
12. Exercise:
13.Exposure:
Prolonged exposure can cause skin cancerAlthough the causes of many types of cancer are not clear, there are still many risk factors associated with cancer. Risk factors are events closely related to cancer, which increase the likelihood of cancer.
The Main symptoms of Cancer
Cancer has many different symptoms. Some cancers have no symptoms, while others have symptoms that appear long after the cancer begins and have become severe. Cancer symptoms can appear throughout the body in various ways:1. Losing weight for unknown reasons:
2. Frequent fever or infection:
3. Physical weakness:
A variety of cancers can cause this symptom. If you sleep well and still feel weak and tired, you should see a doctor.4. Wheezing or shortness of breath:
Severe, obvious shortness of breath, chest pain, or hemoptysis may be symptoms of lung cancer.5. Chronic cough and chest pain:
6. Abdominal distension and abdominal pain:
Inexplicable abdominal distension should be heart ovarian cancer. Severe pelvic pain may also be a common symptom of fibroids, ovarian cysts, and other diseases of the reproductive system. In addition, inexplicable stomach pain or bloating after a meal may be a sign of stomach cancer.7. Chronic heartburn:
8. Intestinal problems:
Patients with bowel cancer have a lot of stools and feel unclean. The early symptoms of pancreatic cancer are white stools and a strange smell.9. Difficulty swallowing:
Mostly related to esophageal cancer and laryngeal cancer, dysphagia is sometimes one of the early symptoms of lung cancer.10. Jaundice:
Sudden yellowing of the skin or white eyes, the main consideration is liver or gallbladder disease, but may also be symptoms of pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and liver cancer.11. Abnormal mass:
Abnormal masses in the breast, testicles, groin, neck, abdomen, underarms or other parts should be promptly consulted for cancer risk.12. New spots on the skin or black mole changes:
There are new spots on the skin, changes in black moles, skin sores that cannot be cured for a long time, scabs are easy to bleed, and heart skin cancer should be.13. Nail changes:
Brown or black streaks or spots appear under the nail, which should be heart skin cancer. Suddenly enlarged fingertips and curved nails may be a symptom of lung cancer. The obvious whitening of the nails is sometimes a sign of liver cancer.14. Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen:
With such pain and a heavy pelvic sensation, it may be symptoms of ovarian cancer. Infertile women, women with a family history of ovarian, breast, or colon cancer, women diagnosed with breast, colon, rectal, or uterine cancer are at greater risk of ovarian cancer.15. Pain with unexplained long-term causes:
Inexplicable pain lasting more than 4 weeks should be heart and bone cancer or testicular cancer.16. Abnormal bleeding:
Blood in the urine may be either a urinary tract infection, or symptoms of bladder cancer or kidney cancer. Blood in the stool may be either hemorrhoids or bowel cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding between women's menstrual cycles may be a symptom of endometrial cancer. Hematemesis and hemoptysis should be heart, stomach, esophagus or lung cancer. Excessive congestion or bleeding may be a symptom of leukemia.Note: If you have any of these symptoms or any other related symptoms, please consult with your doctor.
When diagnosing a patient, if there are many of the above symptoms, the doctor should discuss the patient's case and check whether there is cancer in detail. Examination tools are generally experimental diagnosis (including blood tests and urine tests), image irradiation examination (including X-ray photography, computed tomography, ultrasound scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging equipment) and biopsy (including endoscopic biopsy) Needle aspiration and surgical biopsy). After it is determined to be cancer, it is necessary to check the stage to determine whether there is metastasis, because the decision of treatment depends on the result of the stage. At the same time, it also helps patients understand the statistical significance of the current treatment of the cancer and discuss the progress of the disease to reduce the patient's fear.
Classification of cancer
1. Malignant epithelial tumors: tumors derived from epithelial cells (cells on the skin and on the surface of various organs). Our digestive tract and organs are also lined with epithelial cells. This is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 80-90% of all reported cancer cases.
2. Malignant mesenchymal tumors: tumors that origin from muscle, bone, cartilage, fat, or connective tissue.
3. Leukemia: cancer derived from white blood cells or their precursors. The cells that can form both white blood cells and blood cells are located in the bone marrow.
4. Lymphoma: cells from the bone marrow affect the formation of the lymphatic system.
5. Myeloma: formed by white blood cells (B lymphocytes or B cells) responsible for antibody production.
Types of Cancer
There are More than 200 types of cancer are available. Some common types are given below:-
1. Lung cancer
2. Breast cancer
3. Colorectal cancer
4. Prostate cancer
5. Gastric cancer
6. Liver cancer
7. Cervical cancer
8. Esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer)
9. Bladder Cancer
10. Lymphoma
11. Blood cancer
12. Pancreatic cancer
13. Kidney cancer
14. Endometrial cancer (endometrial cancer)
15. Lip cancer, oral cancer
16. Thyroid cancer
17. Brain cancer, nervous system cancer
18. Ovarian cancer
19. Melanoma
20. Gallbladder cancer
21. Laryngeal cancer (throat cancer)
22. skin cancer
23. Multiple myeloma
24. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
25. Hodgkin lymphoma
26. Testicular cancer
27. Kaposi sarcoma
28. Brain tumor
29. Head and neck tumors
30. Bone cancer
31. Bowel (colorectal) cancer
32. Childhood cancer
33. Gastrointestinal Cancer
34. Gynecological (women’s) Cancer
35. Head and neck cancer
36. Kidney cancer
37. Laryngeal cancer
38. Lymphoma – Non-Hodgkin
39. Mesothelioma
40. Mouth cancer
41. Nasopharyngeal cancer
42. Oesophageal cancer
43. Ovarian cancer
44. Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
45. Prostate cancer
46. Stomach (gastric) cancer
47. Uterine cancer
48. Vaginal cancer
49. Lymphoma
50. There are More than 200 types of cancer are available......
How a cancer is produced
Cancer cells are transformed from normal cells, which involves the genetic changes of the cells. At present, it is known that there are two kinds of genes related to the formation of cancer. One is an oncogene (cancer cells are transformed from normal cells, which involves genetic changes of cells. At present, there are two kinds of genes related to the formation of cancer. One is an oncogene. (oncogene ). One is a suppressor gene. The formation of cancer is often caused by the activation of several oncogenes or the loss of function of several oncogenes. In general, simple oncogenes are activated and Blood tumors are more related, such as: blood cancer, lymphoma, etc. Most of the cancers we have seen recently, such as lung cancer , breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, brain tumors, bladder cancer, etc., are all related to tumor suppressor genes Missing.Early diagnosis of cancer
Early diagnosis of cancer is a diagnosis and treatment method for early cancer patients. Its purpose is to detect and treat early, so as to reduce the pain, mental and economic burden of patients. Strive for early recovery of cancer patients through early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cancer is a general term for a large group of malignant tumors. The characteristics of cancer cells are unlimited and endless proliferation, which makes the patients' nutrients consumed in large quantities; cancer cells release a variety of toxins, causing the body to produce a series of symptoms; cancer cells can also be transferred to all parts of the body to grow and reproduce. Causes body weight loss, weakness, anemia, loss of appetite, fever, and severely impaired organ function. In contrast, there are benign tumors. Benign tumors are easy to clear. They generally do not metastasize or recur. They only have squeezing and blocking effects on organs and tissues. However, cancer (malignant tumors) ) can also destroy the structure and function of tissues and organs. Necrotic hemorrhage and infection are caused, and the patient eventually dies due to organ failure. Early diagnosis of cancer Diagnose and test the symptoms of cancer patients through a series of new cancer physical examination methods such as blood chip testing, genetic testing, Nano-detection, TTM, PET CT, etc., in order to further understand the disease, formulate the best treatment plan, and realize early detection and early treatment the goal of.Early cancer physical examination methods include: blood drop chip detection, genetic testing, Nano-detection, TTM, PET CT and a series of new cancer physical examination methods. Bringing together professional and outstanding general practitioners, with comprehensive cancer inspection and diagnosis capabilities, advanced cancer detection equipment and effective screening programs. Including six levels of physical, biochemical indicators, tumor markers, equipment, whole body, immune and other multi-level fine examination, you can distinguish or exclude any subtle cancer information from complex indicators, data, and images to avoid missed diagnosis and the possibility of misdiagnosis Sex.
A new method has recently been developed to detect chromosomal changes in cancer patients. Especially for leukemia patients, this method is more sensitive and rapid than traditional cytogenetic detection techniques. Examining chromosomal abnormalities can help predict treatment response, therefore, this method is considered an important means to guide clinical treatment. This newly developed test method uses flow cytometry, which can quickly test 20,000 to 30,000 cells within 1 to 2 days, which helps us to get accurate results quickly and is conducive to later treatment.
1. X-ray diagnosis
(2) Angiography: Directly illuminate the vein or artery for lesions. This method is generally used for brain cancer or pancreatic and liver lesions. Cerebral artery photography, etc., has obvious effects when examining tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage and other diseases.
(3) CT (computer tomography) diagnosis: This method is more used for the diagnosis of brain, liver, pancreas, etc.
2. Endoscopic diagnosis
The method of using gastroscopy to examine the stomach is the most representative one, and its advantage is that it is widely used in clinical observation and photography.3. Ultrasound diagnosis
4. Cytological diagnosis
Cytological diagnosis is generally carried out in conjunction with endoscopy, because at the time of diagnosis, special instruments are inserted in the visible range, and some cells are taken out for diagnosis, so endoscopy is indispensable. The most common and simple one is the cell diagnosis of uterine cancer. This kind of cancer can be seen with the naked eye. Using instruments to take cells from the problematic area, the early detection rate of uterine cancer has increased a lot.5. Blood biochemical diagnosis
The method of blood chemistry diagnosis of cancer is generally only used for male prostate cancer examination. If the acid phosphatase in the blood is abnormally increased, it can be diagnosed as cancer. This is a method with high precision and reliability.6. PET-CT diagnosis
PET-CT perfectly integrates PET and CT. PET provides detailed functional and metabolic molecular information of the lesion, while CT provides precise anatomical positioning of the lesion. One-time imaging can obtain tomographic images of all directions of the whole body, which is sensitive and accurate., Specific and precise positioning, etc., can understand the overall status of the whole body at a glance, to achieve the purpose of early detection of lesions and diagnosis of diseases.7. CTC circulating tumor cell detection
Detection of circulating tumor cells in vitro can be effectively applied to early diagnosis and chemotherapy of rapid assessment, individualized treatment including clinical medicine screening, detection, monitoring development of drug resistance and the new drug of tumor recurrence. This technology has been developed and matured in the United States and Japan.Early cancer checkup
1. Early advantages
Many cancers are difficult to detect in the early stages. Generally, when they are in the middle or late stages, they often miss the best time for treatment. Therefore, comprehensive early cancer screening is extremely important. In terms of cancer diagnosis and treatment, this kind of examination can find most possible early cancers or super-initial cancers at the millimeter and micron levels below 10mm. World-class cancer screening, especially in the United States and Japan, can detect cancers under 5 mm. In China, cancers that can be found by instruments are about a few centimeters or more. The early physical examination of cancer can kill cancer cells in the cradle, so that patients do not have to suffer from the pain and life danger caused by the spread and deterioration of cancer cells , thus giving patients happiness in life.2. Technology and equipment
Cancer is a major nemesis of human beings. In recent years, a variety of cancer tests have emerged, which is both delightful and dazed. If cancer patients can be detected early, the cure rate can reach 80%, which is the authoritative conclusion of the World Health Organization. Around 2010, there are still loopholes and areas for improvement in early cancer detection methods and instruments in the world. The original detection methods include:(1). Three routines: routine examination of blood, stool and urine can detect the clues of cancer, especially if the blood routine is abnormal, it may be the manifestation of blood system tumors.
(2). Liver and kidney function: The functional status of liver and kidney can be detected, and patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis must check.
(3). Tumor markers: commonly used are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA125, etc., which have an indirect prompting effect, but are not specific. As well as the newly discovered tumor marker heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α), it was used in the cancer screening for early detection of cancer in Coming physical examination.
(4). Chest radiograph: reflecting the condition of the lungs, it is best to take pictures in the right and side positions when taking pictures. Long-term smokers must check.
(5). B-ultrasound: Abdominal B-ultrasound can detect the condition of abdominal organs, patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis must check, and pelvic B-ultrasound can understand the situation of ovaries and accessories.
(6). Gastroscopy: People with irregular life and bad eating habits must check.
(7). Anal finger examination: the simplest way to conduct general screening for rectal cancer. People who have long-term stool or abnormal stool habits must check.
Treatment of Cancer
There are many types of malignant tumors, with different types of nature, different tissues and organs involved, different disease stages, and different responses to various treatments. Therefore, most patients require comprehensive treatment. The so-called comprehensive treatment refers to the comprehensive use of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy,, interventional treatment, microwave treatment and other methods according to the patient's physical condition, tumor pathology type, scope of invasion, etc., with a view to greatly improve the cure Rate and improve the patient's quality of life.1. Surgical treatment
In theory, if the tumor cells are completely removed by surgery, the cancer can be cured. For early or early solid tumors, surgical resection is still the preferred treatment. Depending on the purpose of the operation, it can be divided into the following types :(1) Radical surgery due to rapid tumor growth, the surface is not coated, normal tissue surrounding it, and no clear boundaries, local infiltration, and through the lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, the surgery should completely remove the tumor and a certain range of normal tissues and lymph nodes that may be invaded. This operation is suitable for patients with limited tumor range, no distant metastasis, and good physical fitness. According to the scope of resection, it can be divided into tumor resection, extensive resection, radical operation and expanded radical operation.
(2) Palliative surgery tumor wider scope, have been transferred but not for patients with advanced radical surgery, in order to relieve pain, maintain nutrition and prolong life, can be removed only partially alleviate the symptoms of cancer or make some surgery, such as fistula Surgery, digestive tract short circuit and other operations. Advanced tumors can be resection for most of the tumor, reducing the tumor load and laying the foundation for future radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other treatments. For example, advanced ovarian cancer can palliative remove most of the ovarian tumors, followed by a second operation after chemotherapy to remove the remaining lesions, which can significantly prolong the patient's survival.
(3) Diagnosis surgery specimens obtained by tumor pathology different surgical methods, such as surgery or puncture drawn cut small piece of tissue and the like. For deep visceral tumors, a thoracotomy, laparotomy, or craniotomy is required. After the intraoperative pathological examination is confirmed, therapeutic surgery is performed immediately.
(4) preventive surgery for precancerous lesions, to prevent its occurrence or progression to malignant progression of cancer, such as patients with familial polyposis of the colon, may benefit from prophylactic colectomy, if removal of the colon because these patients Approximately half of them can develop colon cancer after the age of 40, and almost 100% develop colon cancer after the age of 70. Cervical conization can be performed during severe cervical dysplasia to prevent cervical cancer. Members of the hereditary breast cancer family with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can perform bilateral prophylactic resection of the breast.
(5) metastases surgery for a single lung, liver, bone metastases, resection line, still for 5-year survival rate. If the primary lung cancer has only a single metastatic lesion of bone, and the primary lung cancer can be completely removed, the primary tumor plus metastasis can be removed simultaneously or successively.
2. Chemotherapy
Treating cancer with drugs that kill cancer cells. Because the biggest difference between cancer cells and normal cells is rapid cell division and growth, the principle of anticancer drugs is usually to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the mechanism of cell division, such as inhibiting DNA replication or preventing chromosome separation. Most chemotherapeutic drugs are not specific, so they will kill normal tissue cells undergoing cell division at the same time, so they often damage healthy tissues that need to divide to maintain normal function, such as intestinal mucosa cells. However, these tissues can usually repair themselves after chemotherapy. Because some drugs are used in combination to obtain better results, chemotherapy often uses two or more drugs at the same time, which is called "comprehensive chemotherapy". Most patients undergo chemotherapy in this way.3. Radiation therapy
Also called radiotherapy and radiation therapy, it uses radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy can be via external radiation therapy or in vivo proximity radiation therapy. Because cancer cells grow and divide faster than normal cells, the genetic material of the cells is destroyed by radiation, which can prevent the cells from growing or dividing, thereby controlling the growth of cancer cells. However, the effect of radiation therapy can only be limited to the area where it is exposed. The goal of radiation therapy is to destroy all cancer cells as much as possible, while minimizing the impact on adjacent healthy tissues.Although radiation exposure causes damage to both cancer cells and normal cells, most normal cells can recover from the damage caused by radiation therapy.4. Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy has been effective in treating certain types of cancer since the late 1990s. It can effectively treat cancer like chemotherapy, but the side effects are much reduced compared with chemotherapy. It is also a very active research area at present. The principle of this treatment is to use small molecules with specific or abnormal proteins against cancer cells, such as tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, to treat EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) sensitive non-small cell lung cancer, The effect is significant, but the emergence of drug resistance genes is currently the main obstacle to further improve the efficacy.5. Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy uses the immune mechanism in the body to fight tumor cells. There are already many immunotherapies against cancer under study. Cancer vaccine therapy and monoclonal antibody therapy are more advanced at present, and immune cell therapy is the latest development of treatment technology in recent years .6. Cryotherapy
When frozen, ice crystals form inside and outside the cell, causing cancer cell damage. Can be used for body surface tumors or visceral tumors.7. Gene therapy
The method of introducing foreign genes into the human body to correct genetic defects. At present, the concept of gene therapy for malignant tumors has expanded from correcting genetic defects to introducing foreign genes into the human body, and ultimately achieves direct or indirect suppression or killing of tumor cells.8. Endocrine therapy
The occurrence and growth of some tumors are closely related to the hormones in the body, so they can be treated by changing the endocrine status. Such as sex hormones can be used for palliative treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer.9. Hyperthermia treatment
Microwave hyperthermia technology, ultrasonic focusing and radio frequency technology, etc., developed in the past 10 years or so, use local high temperature to cause cancer cells to heat and necrosis, less damage to normal tissues, simple and safe.10. Laser treatment
Using the advantages of high laser power density, good parallelism, accurate positioning, etc., after a moderate focus, the lesions are bloodless resection.Prevention of Cancer
The International Union Against Cancer believes that one-third of cancers can be prevented, one-third of cancers can be cured if diagnosed early, and one-third of cancers can reduce pain and prolong life. Accordingly, the concept of three-level prevention of malignant tumors is proposed:Primary prevention is to eliminate or reduce the factors that may cause cancer and prevent the occurrence of cancer. About 80% of cancers are related to the environment and lifestyle. Improving living habits, such as quitting smoking, restricting drinking, diversifying foods, eating less preserved foods, controlling weight, exercising properly, paying attention to environmental protection, identifying carcinogens and cancer promoters in the environment, and strengthening occupational protection are all important prevention measures. Cancer measures. In recent years, immune prevention and chemoprevention are both primary prevention, such as large-scale vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine, and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors for chemical prevention of colorectal adenoma.
Secondary prevention refers to how to detect and treat cancer at an early stage once cancer has occurred. Including:
① awareness and attention to cancer risk signals (such as persistent dyspepsia, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, changes in bowel and urine habits, long-term ulcers , etc.);
② regular inspections of high-risk areas and high-risk groups;
③ precancerous lesions and Timely treatment;
④ strengthen the monitoring of susceptible people;
⑤ tumor self-examination (regular self-examination of exposed parts of the body ).
Tertiary prevention is rehabilitation after treatment, preventing the deterioration of the condition, improving the quality of life, reducing pain, and extending life.
10 ways to Prevent cancer
1. Stare at your BMI
Asians have better control the body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 22.9. The BMI calculation method is "weight (kg)" ÷ "height (meter) square".
2. Sweat for 30 minutes a day
This is the most affordable way to prevent cancer. You don't need to build 6 abdominal muscles, you don't have to run a marathon, just exercise 30 minutes a day and 5 days a week. Walking, dancing, cycling, climbing stairs, and various sports are all possible. (The key is 30 minutes after a meal to eliminate body fat!)Exercise can regulate testosterone and estrogen in the blood and protect women from hormone-related cancers, such as ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Canadian studies have found that women who exercise regularly and moderately can reduce their risk of ovarian cancer by 30%. Another benefit of exercise is to promote the peristalsis of the intestines, reduce the time that fecal accumulation stays in the intestines, and reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
3. Drink green tea or coffee
Coffee can also reduce the incidence of certain cancers. The latest research in the United States, Canada, and Japan has found that coffee helps reduce the chance of liver cancer, renal cell cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer in women. (Drink coffee before exercise and burn 15% of the calories! The benefits of coffee 5 you don't know)
4. Fresh vegetables and fruits
Seventy percent of Taiwanese have insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The Taiwan Cancer Foundation, which promotes "Vegetables and Fruits'', pointed out that sufficient amounts of vegetables and fruits have been proven to prevent colorectal cancer and reduce the incidence of several types of cancer, including breast cancer and esophageal cancer. The cellulose of fruits and vegetables can reduce carcinogenic factors in the intestine, change the ecology of bacteria in the intestine, and avoid the formation of cancer cells.
It is recommended that children before 6 years of age should consume 5 servings of fresh fruits and vegetables daily; school children, girls and female adults over 6 years old should eat 7 servings of fruits and vegetables daily; and young adults and male adults should consume 9 servings of fruits and vegetables daily. One serving of vegetables is about 100 grams of raw weight, and about 150 grams of fruits. The daily intake of vegetables should be 1 serving more than fruits.
5. Jump away from fat temptation
The National Academy of Sciences report pointed out that among all dietary components, fat has the strongest relationship with cancer, especially breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.There are some techniques to eat less fat, for example, choose low-fat or non-fat fresh milk; replace some of the meat with beans or soy products; remove the skin, fat, and outer layer of fried powder; scrape the cake cream or fresh cream and do not eat; Eat noodles with a little sesame oil instead of minced meat; cooking and roasting halogen instead of frying during cooking can reduce a lot of fat.
6. Eat more chicken and fish
7. Quit smoking, quit drinking, quit betel nut
The good news is that no matter how long you smoke, if you quit today, you can almost reduce the risk of cancer.
About 3% of cancer deaths are related to alcohol. Excessive drinking will increase the risk of oral cancer, throat cancer and esophageal cancer, and long-term drinking too much is likely to cause liver cirrhosis, which in turn increases the chance of liver cancer If you really want to drink or prevent cardiovascular disease, it is recommended that men drink 2 cups a day and women 1 cup is enough (1 cup is about 250㏄ beer or 100㏄ wine, and spirits is 25㏄).
Betel nut is closely related to the occurrence of head and neck cancer (oral cancer, laryngeal cancer). This is also the fastest-growing cancer in Taiwan in recent years, and it is mainly male cancer.
8. Less salt and no sugary drinks
The daily intake of salt does not exceed 6 grams. Drink less sugary drinks and drink boiled water. The natural juice is no more than 150㏄ a day, and you don't eat moldy grains and beans.9. Breastfeeding
It is recommended that mothers breastfeed at least 6 months. Studies have shown that babies who drink breast milk have a lower risk of developing blood cancer in the future, and mothers can get the benefit of reducing the risk of breast cancer.10. Maintain a relaxed mood
Depression are easy to cause cancer. Many people with cancer review the two or three years before the onset of the disease, often in a state of stress.Medical research has found that mental stress reduces immune function, depression reduces the body's ability to repair DNA, and the risk of cancer is significantly increased.
External pressure can also change the way cancer is formed. When a cell loses a fixed physiological mechanism, it will "suicide" through the apoptosis process. This is a survival program designed on the structure of the cell. But when foreign toxins disturb the cell's "suicide" procedure, the cells will forget to commit suicide and cause tumors. Therefore, when there is depression or external stress, in addition to destroying the integrity of DNA and interrupting the DNA repair mechanism, it will also change the cell's withering process and directly affect the incidence of cancer and its growth.
Which Genes that cause cancer?
It is generally believed that mutations in key genes cause cancer. The proteins produced by these genes regulate cell growth, division, and other basic cellular properties.The genetic mutations that cause cancer may be caused by the damaging effects of chemicals, sunlight, drugs, viruses, or other environmental substances. In some families, these abnormal oncogenes are inherited.
The two main types of cancer genes are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
1. Oncogenes Gene:- Oncogenes are variant forms of genes that regulate cell growth under normal conditions. If they are overactive and erroneously send signals to divide the cells, then cancer can occur. Oncogene mutations are not fully understood, but many factors can contribute, including(i) X-ray
(ii) Insolation
(iii) Toxins in the workplace, in the air, or in chemicals (for example, in tobacco smoke)
(iv) Infectious agents (for example, certain viruses)
2. Tumor suppressor genes:- Tumor suppressor genes commonly suppress the occurrence and growth of cancer by repairing damaged DNA through the encoded protein. When the DNA is damaged, the cancer is likely to weaken the function of the tumor suppressor gene, causing the affected cells to divide continuously. Inhibitor gene mutations inherited from a parent may be responsible for a certain percentage of breast cancer cases, which usually occur at a young age and among multiple family members.
Top 10 Facts about Cancer
1. The word "cancer" is derived from the Latin word "crab", just like Cancer in the constellation. In the early days, when doctors described certain morphology and growth patterns as tumors with extensions from a main body, because they looked like crabs in the animal world, they described these tumors as crab- (crab- like), or "cancerous", the term crab has been used all the time, and has evolved into cancer in English. To date, some cancer journals and societies still use crabs as their logo.2. Cancer was first described by the ancient Egyptians. The description of cancer was first seen in "Edwin Smith Papyrus", dating back to 1600 BC. This document describes a fire drill tool used to remove breast tumors. However, the document states that the law cannot provide treatment.
3. Indoor sunbathing causes more cases of skin cancer than smoking causes lung cancer. A recent study showed that in the United States alone, as many as 419,000 new cases of skin cancer are diagnosed each year due to indoor solarium.
4. More than half of cancers can be prevented. Researchers believe that more than half of cancer cases and as many as half of cancer deaths can be prevented. This means that 2.4 million to 3.7 million deaths can be avoided each year, with up to 80% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
5. There are more than 200 types of cancer. Cancer is not a single disease. In the past 10 years, we have realized that there are more than 200 different types and subtypes of cancer. This understanding has caused cancer treatment to shift from a "one size fits all" approach to a "tailored" treatment.
6. The naked mole rat is immune to cancer. These animals living under the ground in Africa, the body contains very rich hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan), also known as hyaluronic acid, as a lubricant in the body, while preventing the growth of cancer . This discovery may help to develop new therapies for cancer in the future.
7. There are 28 million cancer survivors worldwide. Thankfully, cancer is not always a death sentence—especially the progress made in recent decades. Although the incidence of cancer is increasing, in many countries, more and more cancer patients have a higher chance of surviving than ever before.
8. Only about 5-10% of cancers are completely caused by heredity. Most cancers are formed through the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, including smoking, alcoholism, obesity, and diet.
9. Breast cancer, the left breast is more common than the right. The incidence of breast cancer on the left is 5-10% higher than that on the right, and the incidence of melanoma on the left is 10% higher than that on the right. There is no clear explanation for this. (Bioon.com)
10. Tobacco is the biggest risk factor for cancer, leading to more than 1/5 of cancer deaths. In addition, 1/5 of cancers are caused by chronic infections, such as HPV causing cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus causing liver cancer.
Top 27 Important Facts About Cancer
How does cancer spread?
The spread and metastasis of tumors is something that none of our patients want to see.Tumor spreading and metastasis refers to the process in which malignant tumor cells continue to grow from the primary site, through the lymphatic tract, blood vessels, or body cavities, to other sites. This characteristic of malignant tumors should be called spread. The metastasis of malignant tumors is often the main reason for tumor treatment failure.
In recent years, the incidence of cancer is getting higher and higher, and most people find that they have advanced cancer when they find that they have cancer, and the cancer cells have spread to other parts. Many people may be strange. Why does cancer spread so fast, is it true for all cancers?
Why does cancer spread?
Because cancer cells have the characteristics of autonomy, infiltration and metastasis, and these characteristics will make the newly reproduced cancer cells have the same characteristics, so after the tumor occurs, the cancer cells will continue to spread and metastasize.It can be summarized in the following aspects:
1. The cancer cells are multiplying rapidly. Due to the rapid increase in number, the original space cannot accommodate so many cells, and the cells at the edge of the tumor are "squeezed" into the surrounding tissues.2. Due to the special chemical composition and structure of the cancer cell surface, the adhesion between cancer cells is low, the connection is loose, and it is easy to detach from the cancer mass, which creates conditions for proliferation.
3. Cancer cells secrete special substances, dissolve and destroy surrounding tissues, and open the way for diffusion and metastasis.
4. Cancer cells contain special substances that can promote the formation of thrombi, so that cancer cells can adhere to the wall or other parts of the blood vessel and continue to grow after entering the blood vessel, laying a foundation for blood line metastasis.
Which cancers spread faster?
1. Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer is known as the king of all cancers. Its spread rate is very fast after its onset. Its average survival time is about half a year. That is to say, even if the pancreatic cancer is found early, the chance of cure is relatively low. Because its diffusion and transfer speed is very fast, the speed of treatment cannot reach the speed of diffusion.2. Rectal cancer
Rectal cancer is also a malignant tumor. Most people have entered advanced stage when they found that they have rectal cancer. The rate of metastasis of rectal cancer after the onset of the disease is also very fast. It takes about a few days from onset to death, so many Most of the patients have entered an incurable stage when they develop symptoms and find themselves suffering from rectal cancer.3. Lung cancer
Lung cancer is a relatively common cancer at present. It will also have a certain rate of spread after its occurrence, but it will be slower than other types of spreading rate, but be aware that cancer cells will not spread only if they are under control . If there is no treatment, it will spread faster.In general, no matter what kind of cancer, if it is not treated in time, it will spread and endanger life, so pay more attention to it, learn some basic common sense, develop good living habits, and pay attention to physical examination screening .If you have some high-risk factors for cancer, you must understand the early symptoms of cancer in order to prevent and detect it in time.
Why do children get cancer?
In general, cancer is a kind of geriatric disease. With the increase of age, the incidence of various cancers rises linearly. But there are exceptions to everything. We should have heard stories of many young people, children and even babies suffering from cancer, especially leukemia. Why is this?Cancer is caused by mutations, and it takes time to accumulate mutations caused by acquired factors. It is impossible to cause cancer solely by acquired factors within a few years. Therefore, it is certain that there are innate factors for cancer in children of a few years: either the parents inherited oncogenes, or the fetus has mutated for various reasons during pregnancy.
Now an important task of biological detection technology is to detect congenital mutations as early as possible during pregnancy. If it is proved that the baby has a serious genetic disease, parents can at least choose whether to abort. The maturity of genetic testing technology and the understanding of oncogenes make me believe that whether parents carry cancer-causing mutations should become a routine item for pre-pregnancy physical examination.
The detection of mutations that occur during pregnancy is relatively difficult, mainly because it is difficult to obtain samples during fetal development. Traditional tests such as Down syndrome screening also rely on amniocentesis, which is an operation that also has a certain risk to fetal development. Many people are working for non-puncture detection technology, this is a huge market, I believe there will be breakthrough progress within a few years.
However, no matter how advanced the detection technology is, a headache problem will always exist: even if you know that the fetus has a genetic mutation, due to the complexity of the organism, it is not necessarily 100% will get cancer, this time parents will face a very difficult and There is no right answer. Is it an adventure to give birth or to continue to wait for the next healthy baby? I believe that with the maturity and wide application of genetic testing technology, this problem will become increasingly prominent.
There are now approximately 500,000 children worldwide suffering from various types of cancer. Cancer is the number one killer of children's death. The most common form of childhood cancer is leukemia, which accounts for nearly 40%. This is why we always hear stories about children who need leukemia to donate leukemia. Secondly, tumors of the nervous system, then bones and various soft tissue tumors.
The method used to treat children's tumors is also surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy. Compared with adult cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy often have amazing effects on childhood cancer. Even if bone marrow transplantation is not considered to cure leukemia, many children can be cured by traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The reason may be complicated.
These two points are important factors in the cure rate of childhood cancer is much higher than that of adult tumors.
1. There are very few mutations in children's cancers, so the possibility of cancer resistance radiotherapy2. Unlike traditional ideas, children receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy doses often exceed adults' weight relative to adults , which is due to children The tissue repair ability is relatively strong, and it can tolerate the side effects of stronger chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
But there are gains and losses. High-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while curing tumors, will bring a variety of long-term and serious side effects to children: neural hypoplasia, mental retardation, depression, suicide, infertility, and so on. , the development of drugs for childhood cancer is imminent.
Unfortunately, relative to our investment in adult cancer, research on childhood cancer is far behind. The root cause is due to the small number of childhood cancers. This aspect leads to insufficient samples, so there are relatively few laboratories from basic research to medical translation research. The more important reason is that because of the small number of patients, large pharmaceutical companies are often reluctant to invest human, material and financial resources to study children's cancer. The first is that clinical trials are difficult to carry out, and the second is because even if the medicine is made, the cost cannot be recovered. Finally, because there are fewer cancer patients in the surrounding children, the society has not paid enough attention to this disease and the pressure on the government is not enough.
There are only about 400 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the United States a year, and most of them are children. Due to the small number of patients, the survival rate of this disease has not changed in the past 30 years. The couple's family is very wealthy, using the most expensive drugs in the best oncology hospitals in the United States, but they are still desperate during the treatment process. Therefore, the establishment of a fund after the death of his son hopes to arouse the society's attention to this kind of "rare disease".
Faced with childhood cancer, on the one hand is the helplessness of the patient's family, on the other hand is the lack of scientific research resources and the stagnation of drug development. I strongly urge everyone to pay more attention to this direction. Only when society and public opinion promote the government's actions will it be possible to force pharmaceutical companies to invest more. Hope no one will be knocked down by cancer again one day.
How to develop the right healthy habits from childhood to prevent cancer
Because 70% of cancer comes from diet and life disorders, many of them are buried from childhood, so from diet and cancer prevention, you must develop good habits from childhood, Including not to be overweight, to eat less fried and too much fat content food, not to eat, not to eat too much protein, because too much protein will cause too fast growth, overweight, generally the best diet is: carbohydrate 50 %~55%, fat 25~30%, protein 15~20%, such calorie adjustment needs to be supervised by mother. In addition, reduce the intake of food such as barbecue, smoking, salting, and adding preservatives, and develop the habit of eating at least five servings of fresh vegetables and fruits every day. Children develop a habit of legitimate leisure hobbies and sports. From childhood, they develop the habit of not smoking and drinking (Moderately appropriate) habits, and the right amount and proper work, do not overwork, and keep the working environment clean.How is cancer deadly?
Everyone talks about cancer discoloration, the main reason is its high mortality rate. But speaking of how cancer actually kills patients, many people may not be able to tell. Why does someone have a big tumor and it's okay after the operation, but someone hasn't seen the tumor and the patient died?First of all, there is no correlation between the severity of the cancer and the size of the tumor. In 2012, there was a person who had a tumor since he was 4 years old. When he was 30 years old, his right leg tumor had reached an alarming 180 pounds. During these 26 years, he slowly lost his ability to move, but strangely, he didn't have many other symptoms. After the operation, he looked normal. This kind of tumor looks terrible , but if the location is not in the key internal organs, it is actually less harmful to life. This huge tumor is almost certainly a benign tumor, because if it is malignant, there is no chance of growing so big.
What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor? It depends on whether the tumor has metastasized. Benign tumors do not metastasize and belong to the "nail house", so as long as the tumor itself is surgically removed, it is basically cured. Malignant tumors, regardless of size, have already metastasized. They may be in the blood system, lymphatic system, or may have reached other organs in the body. Many cancers (such as breast cancer) metastasis generally reach the lymph node first, and then follow the lymphatic system to reach other systems, so clinical patients often undergo lymph node puncture. If there are no tumor cells in the lymph node, the risk of the patient is small. Generally, chemotherapy and The disease can be controlled after radiotherapy .
How is cancer deadly? First of all, it must be said that there is no definite answer to this question. Each patient's individual situation is different, and ultimately the cause of death is different. But generally speaking, it is often related to organ failure , or an organ failure, or systemic failure. Tumors, regardless of whether they are malignant or metastatic, can overwhelm key organs. For example, brain tumors often compress important nerves and cause death. Lung cancer grows and fills the lung space, which greatly reduces the oxygen exchange capacity of the lungs and eventually fails. Leukemia leads to the depletion of normal blood cells resulting in systemic hypoxia and nutrition.
If the cancer has metastasized, the risk is greatly increased. One reason is that one tumor metastasis becomes N tumors, which is naturally harmful. Another reason is that the place of metastasis is often a very important place, and the more terrible place is brain metastasis. Lung metastasis, bone metastasis and liver metastasis. These three places also have a common feature: due to the importance of organs, surgery is often very conservative and it is difficult to completely remove the tumor. So breast cancer is usually found early. It is okay to remove the breasts surgically. The patient can survive normally for decades, but if the breast cancer has transferred to the lungs or brain, it is difficult to treat, because you can't take all the lungs or brain. Remove. So everyone, or their parents, must go to the hospital for regular medical examinations every year. If they find out a few months early, they may be able to live decades longer.
Sometimes cancer death is not caused by a certain organ failure, but a system failure. There are many types of cancer. For reasons that are still unclear, it will cause patients to lose weight rapidly, and muscle and fat are quickly lost. This is called "cachexia" (Cachexia). This process is now irreversible and is irreversible. No matter how much the patient eats, how much protein is lost is useless. Because muscles and fats are essential to the energy supply of the entire body, endocrine regulation is crucial, and patients will soon experience systemic failure.
For example, the national idol Jobs, who was supported by money, lived for 8 years after diagnosing pancreatic endocrine cancer, which is a big miracle. However, if you look carefully at the comparison of the photos before and after his illness, you can clearly see that his muscles and fat have almost disappeared.. In the end, he died of respiratory failure.
Can exercise really prevent cancer?
Yes, Exercise really prevent cancer but the lactic acid produced by strenuous exercise will promote the deterioration and spread of cancer.Cancer, as one of the biggest killers affecting human health, has caused us to fight against cancer all the time. But there is still no good cure, and how to reduce the risk of cancer has become an important issue in human research. Relative to the difficulty of treatment, preventing cancer is the easiest thing we can do.
The American Cancer Center published a paper saying that according to the follow-up survey, long-term exercise can reduce the incidence of cancer, which means that exercise is one of the effective means to prevent cancer. A total of 1.44 million participants in this study in the United States, with an average follow-up time of 11 years, exercise research data from 1987 to 2004, which spanned 18 years, and longer tracking time for cancer incidence data. This paper is by far the largest and most comprehensive study , and its research results are worthy of reference.
Which is the super anti-cancer food?
The super anti-cancer food is sweet potatoes and GarlicSweet potatoes have better anti-cancer and nutrient content than other types of fruits and vegetables, and they have the most cancer suppressing effects regardless of whether they are raw or ripe.
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The anti-cancer and health-care ingredients contained in sweet potatoes include higher dietary fiber, protein, calcium, vitamin A, B group, B2, C and lower calories; a large amount of mucus protein can enhance tissue resistance and reduce cholesterol, Maintains smooth blood vessels; contains estrogen (phytoestrogen), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), can reduce the occurrence of hormone-related cancer.
10 Food which is good for cancer patients
1. Garlic
2. Mushrooms
3. Broccoli
Top 10 Anti-cancer Vegetables for Cancer Patients
4. Spinach
5. Tomato
6. Turmeric
7. Green tea
8. Blueberries
9. Grapes
10. Pomegranate
Is cancer equal to death sentence?
The National Cancer Institute points out that in the United States, cancer mortality has been declining since the 1990s. At present, the 5-year survival rate of all cancers is about 67%. The 5-year survival rates of breast cancer, prostate cancer and thyroid cancer have exceeded 90%. How long a person can live after suffering from cancer depends on many factors, such as whether the cancer develops slowly or quickly, the degree of cancer cell transmission in the body, whether to receive effective treatment, and the overall health of the person.Does a high-sugar diet increase the risk of cancer?
The National Cancer Institute points out that a high-sugar diet may cause excessive weight gain, and obesity may increase the risk of some cancers. For cancer patients, no research has shown that "eating sugar will make the cancer worse" or "the tumor will shrink if you don't eat sugar."The National Health and Health Commission issued the "Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Malignant Tumors" which clearly recommends that refined sugar should be restricted. From the perspective of preventing chronic diseases, the general population should also control the intake of "additional sugar", the specific approach is: do not drink or drink less sugary beverages; reduce the intake frequency of foods containing more added sugar such as candy and pastries; Less sugar when cooking, less sugary dishes such as sweet and sour pork when eating out.
Are artificial sweeteners carcinogenic?
Artificial sweeteners are 10 to hundreds of times sweeter than sucrose, but without calories, they are often used in processed foods. The National Cancer Institute pointed out that there is no evidence of cancer caused by saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame, aspartame and sucralose. addition to cyclamate, the above artificial sweeteners have been approved for sale in the United States by the US Food and Drug Administration.Can cancer spread?
The National Cancer Institute points out that cancer is not an infectious disease that can spread directly from person to person. The only condition that can "infect" cancer is organ transplantation. If the organ comes from a cancer patient, the person receiving the transplant will be at increased risk of cancer related to the transplant. However, this risk is extremely low, with only about two out of every 10,000 organ transplants. Doctors will take extra care to avoid using organs from cancer patients. Some cancers are closely related to viruses and bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) may cause cervical cancer, and Helicobacter pylori may cause gastric cancer. Although these viruses and bacteria can spread from person to person, the cancer they cause will not be transmitted.Top 10 Causes of Cancer Death
Are people with negative emotions more susceptible to cancer?
The National Cancer Institute points out that there is no convincing evidence that a person's attitude to life is related to the risk of cancer. As a cancer patient, sometimes it is normal to feel sad and discouraged, and sometimes to be positive and optimistic. However , try to maintain a positive attitude, communicate more with friends and relatives, and work hard to exercise, which will help you better fight the disease.Will surgery or tumor biopsy spread cancer cells?
The National Cancer Institute points out that the possibility of surgery causing cancer to spread to other parts of the body is extremely low. Surgeons use many measures to prevent cancer cells from spreading during surgery or biopsy, such as using different surgical tools for each area. In addition, the tumor is exposed to the air during surgery or biopsy, it will not make the tumor grow faster, or cause cancer cells to spread. Expert said that cancer metastasis or recurrence after surgery is the cause of the disease itself. Whether or not the cancer needs surgery and what kind of surgery is done should be decided by a specialist doctor and approved by the patient.Are cell phones and live wires causing cancer?
The National Cancer Institute points out that the research done so far has not proven that cell phones and energized wires cause cancer. Cancer is caused by genetic mutations, and the low-frequency radiation emitted by mobile phones will not damage the genes. The electric wire will emit electrical energy and magnetic energy. The electrical energy will be shielded or weakened. Magnetic energy is also low-frequency radiation, which will not damage genes.Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Facts, Prevention
Can herbs cure cancer?
The National Cancer Institute pointed out that although some studies have shown that taking herbal medicines as an alternative or complementary therapy may help cancer patients cope with the side effects of treatment, no herbal medicine can effectively treat cancer.10 Effective Natural Home Remedies for Toothache
Someone in the family has cancer, can I not run away?
The National Cancer Institute points out that cancer is caused by mutations in tissue genes, and only 5% to 10% are caused by harmful mutant genes inherited by parents. If there is an inherited cancer-causing mutation in the family, multiple family members usually develop the same cancer. This type of cancer is called familial or hereditary cancer. The remaining 90% to 95% of cancers are caused by acquired mutations, which are caused by factors such as aging, smoking, and ionizing radiation. This type of cancer is called non-hereditary or spontaneous cancer.Experts said that friends who have a family history of cancer at home do not need to worry too much and develop good lifestyle habits, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, dietary balance, and regular exercise, which can help prevent cancer; special cancer screening should also be strengthened to achieve Preventive surgery can be done after a certain age. Friends who do not have a family history of cancer should not be taken lightly. With the extension of life expectancy, many people will encounter "cancer" with tumors in life. Pay attention to healthy life and regular screening.
Will hair coloring cause cancer?
The National Cancer Institute pointed out that so far, there is no convincing scientific evidence that the use of hair dyes will increase the risk of cancer. But some studies have shown that hairdressers who are often exposed to large amounts of hair dyes and other chemical products have a relatively high risk of bladder cancer.Can cancer be hidden in the body for a long time?
Cancer has three main characteristics:1. The first is that the etiology is complex. The current exploration of the cause of cancer involves genes, environment, and other aspects, but there is no one type of cancer that can be completely clear;
2. The second is long-term. The occurrence of a kind of cancer may take several years, ten years or even decades.
3. The third is concealment. Cancer has already occurred, but most of them cannot be detected until the cancer cells reach a certain number or the tumor reaches a certain volume. At first, it may be a local lesion, but when it is found, it has already moved to the whole body.
In fact, our body will give a lot of early warnings in the early stages of cancer. Take intestinal cancer as an example. This is a typical cancer with concealed early symptoms. In the early stage of bowel cancer, there may only be changes in bowel habits, such as from once to twice or three times a day, and there will be an endless feeling after each bowel movement; when the tumor grows to a certain volume, there may be blood in the stool and dark stool Red, if the tumor ruptures, there may be bright red or dark red blood and mucus in the stool. It is necessary to go to the hospital for a microscopy or stool occult blood test. In addition, alternating symptoms of diarrhea and constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, anemia, and weight loss are early tips that everyone may overlook. Not only bowel cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer and many other cancers have early warning symptoms.
Can cancer be prevented?
Current research shows that the causes of cancer are more complicated, not only related to external factors such as smoking, poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle and environmental pollution, but also related to internal factors such as genetics. Cancer is the result of a combination of external and internal causes. However, epidemiologists estimate that 1/3 of cancer deaths are related to smoking and 1/3 are related to poor eating habits. Only 1% to 5% of cancers have a genetic predisposition, so it can be said that cancer is also a type of lifestyle disease Most cancers can be prevented by changing bad lifestyles. Get up, let's go for a walk in the suburbs.Is cancer related to mental factors?
According to statistics, about 70% of cancer patients are related to unhealthy psychological emotions. Psychological factors play an important role in the development of tumors. Studies have found that people who often suppress their emotions are more likely to develop cancer.Lung cancer is related to restricted emotional release. The occurrence of breast cancer is related to a behavioral pattern, which is manifested in the excessive suppression of anger in life and the abnormal release of this emotion. Similarly, similar findings have been found in malignant tumors such as liver cancer, cervical cancer, rectal cancer, and gastric cancer.
In short, psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. The prevention of tumors should not only pay attention to biological and physical factors, but also pay attention to the impact of psychosocial factors. In daily life, you should try to avoid undesirable stimuli, be calm, and maintain a happy mood. Even when you are unhappy, you must find appropriate ways to release your emotions, such as sports, listening to music, etc. Balance of mind is the key."
Why is obesity related to cancer?
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of certain cancers, such as breast cancer. Studies have shown that reducing postmenopausal women's weight and excess fat content can avoid 15% to 20% of postmenopausal breast cancer. Obesity affects the levels of many hormones and growth factors in the body. The levels of insulin growth factor (IGF-1), insulin and leptin in obese people increase, and these factors can promote the growth of cancer cells.In addition, fat (especially the abdomen) can increase insulin resistance, the pancreas compensates by increasing the secretion of insulin, and hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of colon cancer, endometrial cancer, and pancreatic cancer. One of the characteristics of obesity is that it has a low degree of chronic inflammation. Fat cells synthesize pro-inflammatory factors and produce inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammation can promote cancer.
Is drinking related to cancer?
Alcohol has been listed as a human carcinogen by the World Cancer Research Fund, alcoholic drinks lead to various degrees of cancer to take dependents on the amount of drinking, regardless of the type of alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverages are one of the causes of oral cancer , pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, male colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Alcoholic beverages may be one of the causes of liver cancer and female colorectal cancer.Can cancer be prevented?
Current research shows that the causes of cancer are more complicated, not only related to external factors such as smoking, poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle and environmental pollution, but also related to internal factors such as genetics. Cancer is the result of a combination of external and internal causes. However, epidemiologists estimate that 1/3 of cancer deaths are related to smoking and 1/3 are related to poor eating habits. Only 1% to 5% of cancers have a genetic predisposition, so it can be said that cancer is also a type of lifestyle disease Most cancers can be prevented by changing bad lifestyles. Get up, let's go for a walk in the suburbs!Does diabetes increase cancer risk?
Diabetes is a common chronic disease. The long-term increase or instability of blood glucose not only leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also is related to the occurrence of tumors. Epidemiological surveys show that the incidence of diabetes-related tumors such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer is significantly higher than that of ordinary people. The incidence of liver cancer increased approximately 3.43 times, the incidence of pancreatic cancer increased approximately 2.36 times, and the incidence of colon cancer increased approximately 1.49 times.Can I get cancer if I sleep badly?
Sleep problems and health damage have become a common problem in modern society. Lack of sleep can cause a significant reduction in the body's immunity. Long-term lack of sleep leads to damage to the immune mechanism and makes cancer cells easily escape from the killing of immune cells and become cancerous.Those who stay up late to smoke and drink coffee to refresh themselves will also cause more carcinogens to invade the body. Studies abroad have found that women with poor sleep have a higher risk of breast cancer and men with poor sleep have a higher risk of prostate cancer.
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Which foods have anti-cancer effects?
The World Cancer Research Foundation and the American Cancer Institute summarize the research results of various countries in the world and believe that there is sufficient evidence that regular intake of fresh vegetables, fruits, beans, and whole grains can significantly reduce oral throat cancer, esophageal cancer , gastric cancer, The risk of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and other cancers.Studies have found that the anti-cancer effects of these foods are mainly due to the various anti-cancer nutrients it contains, such as carotenoids, vitamin C, folic acid, selenium and other essential nutrients and phytochemicals such as lycopene and organic sulfur compounds. These substances inhibit the occurrence of cancer through various mechanisms, including blocking the formation of carcinogens, helping damaged cells to repair, inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, and promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells.
In addition, vegetables and fruits are rich in dietary fiber, which can shorten the time for food residues to pass through the intestine, and can be combined with potential carcinogens, secondary bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids to promote their excretion. -starch vegetables and fruits have low energy density, and cellulose can increase satiety, which is beneficial to control weight gain. Therefore, vegetables and fruits are the anti-cancer foods recommended by tumor experts.
Can you eat overnight?
Whether the leftovers can be eaten depends on what is leftover, how long it is left, under what conditions it is stored, and under what conditions is it reheated. For example, we must first divide leftovers into two categories: vegetables and fish and soy products. Overnight may mainly produce harmful substances refer to vegetables. Because vegetables and processed meat contain higher levels of nitrite, bacterial activity may gradually transform into toxic nitrosamines during storage.However, if you can't flip it after cooking, the "base" of bacteria in the dishes is very low. Just put it in the refrigerator overnight, and the rise of nitrite will not be enough to cause food safety accidents. It should be noted that no matter what kind of food, the longer it is stored at room temperature, the later it is placed in the refrigerator, the larger the "base" of microorganisms, the less safe it is after storage. Therefore, it is best to cook freshly.
Can being vegetarian prevent cancer?
Overall, vegetarians have a lower risk of high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, and have a lower risk of obesity. Compared with meat eaters, the overall cancer risk is reduced by 18% and the overall mortality rate is reduced by 9 %. The reason for this is related to the fact that the plant foods that vegetarians consume are rich in anti-cancer nutrients, such as phytochemicals and dietary cellulose, minerals, etc., and also that vegetarians avoid high energy in animal foods, and Potential carcinogens contained in red meat and processed meat.Although vegetarian food has many benefits for preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, it is not suitable for teenagers because it is easy to affect growth and development. In addition, if the vegetarian diet is not well arranged, there is also a risk of nutrient deficiency .In summary, we advocate the establishment of a balanced diet based on plant foods, that is, an appropriate increase in fresh vegetables and fruits and coarse grains, beans, mushrooms containing more phytochemicals, dietary fiber and other anti-cancer ingredients The intake of animal fat, red meat and processed meat.
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Is it good to eat vegetables raw or cooked?
Raw and cooked vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer, but the anti-cancer effect of raw vegetables is slightly better than cooked vegetables. Most cooking methods will reduce the content of nutrients in vegetables, and the degree of reduction will vary depending on the cooking method and the nutrient content of vegetables. Some fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals such as carotene and lycopene can increase their bioavailability after cooking. In addition, due to the large size of raw vegetables, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient amount of intake, and cooked food can easily eat a large dish. Therefore, vegetables cannot be blindly thought of as raw, and raw and cooked are best.The more nutritious the food, the faster the tumor will grow?
Outpatients often encounter very thin patients, mainly vegetarians, and rarely eat foods such as meat and eggs. The patient or family members will say: "A friend said that the tumor should not eat too nutritious food, otherwise it will cause the tumor to grow ., So we don't want to eat meat?" Even doctors sometimes ask patients to limit their diets in this way, but in fact the growth of tumor cells has nothing to do with how much nutrients the patients eat. Cancer cells are robbing normal until people die. Cell nutrients, even if the patient is malnourished, cancer cells still grow, hunger will only make the patient's body consume faster, and accelerate the deterioration of the disease.According to the results of the American Cancer Society research, cancer patients should increase their dietary calories by at least 20%, and there is currently no evidence that increasing nutrients in the human body will make cancer cells grow faster, but many patients have long- term survival due to sufficient nutrients. As a doctor in the Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, he pays the most attention to the nutrition of patients in clinical work. Patients with good nutritional status are significantly better than patients with poor nutritional status and weight loss in terms of tolerance and prognosis of treatment.
The claim that cancer cells can be "starved to death" is completely unfounded.
It is inevitable to continue to lose weight during the treatment of cancer patients, do not care too much?
The reasons why cancer patients continue to lose weight during treatment generally include the following aspects:1. When receiving traditional radiotherapy, it will cause weight loss due to side effects such as: mouth ulcers, nausea, and poor appetite;
2. Cancer cells compete with normal cells for nutrition, and the disease body consumes energy against the tumor;
3. Cancers of the digestive system such as the esophagus and stomach affect nutrient absorption.
In this process, body weight has a great relationship with the patient's treatment effect. Generally speaking, if the treatment is effective and the tumor is controlled, even if there are some side effects, the weight will recover quickly after the side effects disappear, especially Digestive system tumors, this manifestation is particularly obvious; if the patient loses weight during treatment, the cause must be considered, and the side effects caused by treatment need to be reduced in some ways to reduce adverse reactions and increase tolerance; if it is due to digestive tract tumors affecting absorption, You can increase the intake of nutrients by supplementing enteral nutrients on the basis of a normal diet.
Studies have shown that 50% of patients have lost weight when they confirm that they have cancer. Tumor cells affect human metabolism and thinning is inevitable. However, proper nutritional support during treatment is helpful to improve the patient's physical condition and survival rate.
The diet of cancer patients should be as light as possible.
Balanced nutrient intake is the basis for maintaining good health. Even a light diet requires supplementing other essential nutrients. The oil contains essential fatty acids, good oils such as olive oil, bitter tea oil, etc. Fats high in unsaturated fatty acids, fish containing omega-3 fatty acids, and nuts, etc., should be ingested by cancer patients, which is very helpful for improving immunity.Can cancer patients should avoid eating "spicy" and other foods?
Doctors are often asked "Can you not eat spicy food if you have cancer?" Many doctors may habitually give patients affirmative answers, but in fact these answers are often unfounded and eat in many places. Spicy has become a habit, however, it is not higher than other regions in terms of tumor morbidity and mortality, and eating spicy will stimulate tumor growth acceleration without any basis.Spicy is just human taste, and there is no special difference from sweet and sour. Many patients have appetite only when they eat spicy food. After getting a tumor, they are required to avoid it because of this misunderstanding. In this way, the tumor itself and radiotherapy and chemotherapy It will cause loss of appetite, and then change the spicy eating habits, which will often make the patient less appetite, so there is no benefit to the patient's recovery.
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